Over the last several posts, I have tried to help you understand that aging is regulated by genes and that current knowledge makes it possible to change the function of those genes so that we age more slowly and remain free of chronic illness much longer.
The slide above shows in detail how this works at the level of genes. Each box represents a protein gene product produced by a single gene or a few genes. These genes have an effect that works like a line of dominoes. For example, the arrow indicates that the insulin protein activates the insulin receptor protein and which activates IRS 1 and so forth. The insulin domino knocks over the insulin receptor domino which knocks over the IRS 1 domino and then the line of dominoes split. This is called a genetic signaling cascade. Both sides after the split activate mTOR which is a master metabolic genetic switch. The upside down T between mTOR and AMPK means activation is blocked.
When mTOR is activated, AMPK is not activated. Similarly, mTOR activation kicks back and degrades IRS 1 which makes the insulin signaling side of the cascade —PI3K/AKT—not work as well. That means the insulin effect on sugar metabolism is less effective. The person is insulin resistant.
High carb intake and eating more sugar raises insulin levels to metabolize the sugar and increase abdominal fat. Insulin activates mTOR which degrades IRS 1 which makes insulin less effective. Higher insulin levels lead to greater mTOR activation, more insulin resistance and a vicious cycle. More mTOR activation and AMPK deactivation speed up aging and make us sick with chronic illness. These are the core pathways that make a difference.
The Japanese started implementation of policies dealing with this ongoing Pandemic two decades ago. They simply and literally CALLED this "METABO". They are also the first to adopt our technology to early detect metabolic heart dysfunctions to prevent, reverse metabolic cardiovascular disease!